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Notes
Awjila and Ghadames occasionally have a k reflex for word-final y in other varities. While not entirely without its problems, Kossmann (1999: 186ff.) suggests that these verbs originally ended in *ḱ. This strikes me as a good suggestion.
References
Kossmann (1999: 187 {526})
NZ: BY6
Posted at 10:34 AM | Permalink | Comments (0)
Notes:
There is variation between whehter the root has z as its second root consonant or d. Ghadames even has g as its second root consonant, but this is likely the result of an assimilation of d. Generalizing it is mostly Zenatic varieties and languages somewhat in contact with them that show the form with z. There is no known regular sound law that can account for a shift from d to z, but it seems likely that *ăβdəg is the original and *ăβzəg the result of some kind of dissimilation
References:
Kossmann (1999: 115 {251}, 162 {428})
Taine-Cheikh (2008: 531, n. 956)
NZ: BDG/Ǧ. NG/Ǧ13, BZG/Ǧ(1)
Posted at 04:57 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)
Notes:
It is not entirely clear whether the initial vowel is part (i.e. *eβăḍ) of the stem or simply the prefix (i.e. *e-βăḍ). In either cases, it seems clear that the prefix is the result of Pre-Proto-Berber Mid Vowel Harmony and at an earliest stages should be reconstructed as *aβăḍ, *a-βăd. The plural formation is quite difficult to reconstruct. For a discussion see Van Putten (2018: {18}).
This root has a fairly compelling cognate in Chadic, where we find roots such as Proto-Central Chadic *viɗ.
References:
Kossmann (1999: 96 {189})
Taine-Cheikh (2008: 263, n. 543)
NZ: Ḍ8
Posted at 04:45 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)
Notes
References
Kossmann (1999: 115 {250})
Taine-Cheikh (2008: 533, n. 963)
NZ: BDR1
Posted at 09:57 AM | Permalink | Comments (0)
Notes
As pointed out by Kossmann (1999: 115), seeing this noun as an *m/n-derivation from bdu 'to begin', is perhaps tempting, but the verb bdu is clearly borrowed from Arabic badaʔa 'to begin'. There's no reason to think of summer as the first season, and the fact that Ghadames retains *β, whereas əbdu 'to begin' simply has b, borrowed from Arabic, suggests that these forms are indeed unrelated.
References
Kossmann (1999: 115 {249})
NZ: BD8
Posted at 09:45 AM | Permalink | Comments (0)
Notes
A typical te-CăCC-e abstract verbal noun from the verb *ăβdəd 'to stand'.
The *te- prefix instead of the more common *ta- is ultimately the result of a complex harmony that I have dubbed Mid-Vowel Harmony (Van Putten 2018; Van Putten 2016). At a Pre-Proto-Berber Stage this is probably to be reconstructed as *ta-βădd-e.
The feminine suffix *-e appears to be cognate to the Proto-Semitic feminine suffix *-ay (Van Putten 2018b).
References
Kossmann (1999: 97 {120}; {272})
Taine-Cheikh (2008: 530, n. 955)
NZ: D61
Posted at 09:37 AM | Permalink | Comments (0)
Notes
The Tashlhiyt imperfect form add'd is presumably the ancient form, pointing to a regular triradical *əβăddăd imperfect, with a vocalisation of the sequence əβă to a (see Kossmann 1999: 120f.).
References
Kossmann (1999: 114 {248})
Taine-Cheikh (2008: 530, n. 955)
NZ: BD1
Posted at 10:25 AM | Permalink | Comments (0)
Notes:
There appears to be a verb, perhaps to be reconstructed as *əʔəβuββ(u) 'to be smoked', cf. Mzab wuwwu, Tashlhiyt guggu, CMB gugg, Kb. bubb, Ghd βuβu. The different forms (such as the disappearance of final u in CMB and Kb.) is not easy to reconcile into a single reconstruction.
References:
Kossmann (1999: 100 {206})
Taine-Cheikh (2008: 5, note 3)
NZ: B 6/G 6
Kossmann (2001: 84)
Van Putten (2015: 308)
Posted at 10:08 AM | Permalink | Comments (0)
Notes:
Ghadamsi initial o usually corresponds to a root-initial *ʔ, but we would expect a reflex of this in Zénaga, which is absent. One wonders if, for whatever reason the presence of *β in the root causes a similar rounding of the initial vowel ā.
References:
NZ: Ḍ 10
Kossmann (1999: 63 {4}, 87 {152}); Kossmann (2018: 173).
Taine-Cheikh (2008: 133, n. 247)
Posted at 11:10 AM | Permalink | Comments (0)
Notes:
The initial sibilant of Ghadames is difficult to understand.
Refs:
Kossmann 1999: 43 {3}
Posted at 10:42 AM | Permalink | Comments (0)
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